ส่วนประกอบของโรงไฟฟ้านิวเคลียร์มีอะไรบ้าง

�ç俿�ҹ��

��.�� ͧ�� ѵ�� ͹�ǧ��

�ç俿�ҹ�� Ѵ��ç俿�Ҿ�ѧ��͹��Դ˹�� ѡ��÷ӧҹ ��¤�֧�Ѻ�ç俿�� ѹ ��ҹ�Թ ��С�ҫ��ҵ� ��ԧ ��ç俿�ҹ�� ö��ǹ��÷ӧҹ �� 2 ��ǹ �� ǹ��ͧ��ԡó�� ԧ�� 㹹��ç��ҧ��ԴʹԷ ��͹ ��ҡ��ԡ��ҹ��Ԫ�ѹ 仵�� Ե�͹�� ᷹��ü�Ե�͹�� ҡ��ѹ�һ��ԧ ��Դ��Դ��ҫ�ž�� ǹ��Ե俿�� ǹ��Ѻ�͹�� ҡ��ͧ��ԡó�� ع�ѧ�ѹ��Ե俿�� ǹ�� ͧ��Сͺ �ͧ�ç俿�Ҿ�ѧ��͹�ء��Դ

��ǹ��Сͺ�ͧ�ç俿�ҹ�� ǹ��Դ��ѧ�ҹ ��ç俿�ҹ�� ¡��ҧ� �л�Сͺ�� ԧ�� ӷ��к�¤��͹ ��˹�ǧ��ǹ�ǵ�͹�� ѧ��ԡó��ѹ�٧ �к��Ǻ��ԡ�� к��Ǻ��ʹ�� 觪��»�ͧ�ѹ�� ó��Դ�˵ةء�Թ ��к��Ե�͹�� 繵�

��ԧ�� ç俿�ҹ�� »��Ԩ��դ��鹢ͧ��ⷻ��-235 ��ҳ�� 2 (��-238 ��ö�Դ��ԡ��ҿԪ�ѹ�� Тͧ�ç俿�ҹ��) ��ٻ�͡䫴� �ͧ�� Ҩҡ�� ا�� 㹸��ҵ� (��ⷻ�� 㹸��ҵ� ��Сͺ��-235 ��ҳ�� 0.7 ��-238 ��ҳ�� 99.27 ��-234 ��ҳ��ҡ) ��ǹ�仼�ҹ ��кǹ��ö�� ջ��ҳ��-235 �ҡ�� ѧ�ҡ�� ٻ�ͧ�͡䫴� ��Ƕ١�Ѵ�� è��м�� ͧ�� 觨ж١��ѹ ��Ѵ��ԧ ��Сͺ�ѹ��᡹��ԡó� ��è��㹶ѧ��ԡó� ��跹��ѹ�٧ ��㹶ѧ��ԡó� �չ�� äǺ��ѹ��è�� 繵��к�¤��͹ �͡�ҡ��ԧ�µç ��ѧ��ª�� 繵��˹�ǧ��Ǣͧ��ǵ�͹�� ǵ�͹��Դ�� դ��Ǿ�� Դ��ԡ��ҹ��Ԫ�ѹ��

��ԡ��ҹ��Ԫ�ѹ ��ԧ�ç俿�ҹ�� Ǻ��觤Ǻ�� ÷��դس��ѵԾ�� 㹡�ôٴ�Ѻ͹��Ҥ��ǵ�͹ �� ͹��亴� ��˹�ҷ��Ǻ�� Դ��ԡ��ҹ�� Ŵŧ ��ͧ�� ¡��͹�觤Ǻ��͡ ��᡹��ԡó��Ǣ��ŧ ��ʹٴ�Ѻ͹��Ҥ��ǵ�͹��ǹ�Թ

Ẻ�ͧ�ç俿�ҹ�� Ѩ�غѹ��š ��ç俿�ҹ�� 3 Ẻ ��

1. �ç俿�ҹ��Ẻ��Ӥ��ѹ�٧ (Pressurized Water Reactor : PWR) �ç俿�Ҫ�Դ�� ж��෤��͹ �ҡ��ԧ�� س��٧��ҳ 320 ͧ�� 㹶ѧ��Ҵ�˭� ��Ѵ��ѹ�٧��ҳ 15 ��л�ʤ�� (Mpa) ��ͻ��ҳ 150 ��Ңͧ��ѹ��ҡ�� ʹ�� йӹ��ǹ�� 件��෤��͹ ��ա�к�˹�� Դ��ʹ ��С��͹��͡�� 繡�û�ͧ�ѹ ��㹶ѧ��ԡó� ��ѧ��ͻ�� Ш��ѧ�ػ�ó��ǹ�� ʹ��ͧ�ѹ �� ͧ��á��ѹ��ѧ�� Ǵ��

2. �ç俿��Ẻ��ʹ (Boiling Water Reactor : BWR) ��ö��Ե�͹��µç �ҡ��õ��㹶ѧ ��觤Ǻ��ѹ�� (��ҳ 7 Mpa) ��ӡ��ç俿�ҹ��Ẻ�á (PWR) �ѧ�� 㹡��ͧ��Ե�͹�� š��¹��͹ �� ػ�ó�� Ŵŧ ��繵�ͧ �ա�á��ҧ�Ҥ�û�ͧ�ѹ�ѧ�� к��ػ�ó��ǹ��ҧ� �ͧ�ç俿�� ͧ�ҡ�͹�Өҡ�ѧ��ԡó� �ж١�觼�ҹ��ѧ�ػ�ó��ҹ��µç

3. �ç俿��Ẻ��˹ѡ��ѹ�٧ (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor : PHWR) ��觻��᤹Ҵ� �繼��Ѳ�Ң�� ֧�ѡ��¡�� CANDU� ��Ҩҡ�� Canadian Deuterium Uranium �ա�÷ӧҹ��¤�֧�Ѻ Ẻ PWR ��ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ�� ա�èѴ᡹��ԡó��йҺ ��繡�õ�� 㹷�͢�Ҵ�� ӹǹ�ҡ ��ԧ��è�� ᷹��õ�� 㹶ѧ��ԡó좹Ҵ�˭� ��ͧ�ҡ��ö��Ե��¡�� ü�Ե�ѧ��Ҵ�˭� �� ˹ѡ� (Heavy Water, D2O) ��繵��к�¤��͹ �ҡ᡹��ԡó� �͡�ҡ�� ѧ�ա��¡�к��˹ѡ �繵��˹�ǧ�� ͧ��ǵ�͹�� ͧ�ҡ��˹ѡ �ա�ôٴ��׹��ǵ�͹ ��¡��ҹ�Ӹ�� 黯ԡ��ҹ�� Դ�� ֧��ö��ԧ�� ʡѴ�Ҩҡ��ҵ� ��-235 ��ҳ�� 0.7 �� ͧ��ҹ��кǹ��û�ѧ��ا ��դ��٧�� ҳ��Ե�� ҡ��ᵡ�� (fission product) ��Դ��ԧ�� չ��¡��ͧ��ԡó� Ẻ��Ӹ��

��ʹ��Т��¢ͧ�ç俿�ҹ��

��ʹ�

��觼�Ե俿�Ң�Ҵ�˭��ö��ѧ��Ե�٧�� 1,200 ��ѵ��
�յ鹷ع��ü�Ե俿��觢ѹ��Ѻ�ç俿�Ҫ�Դ��
��ç俿�ҷ��Ҵ ��Դ�ž��
��ҧ��蹤��ͧ�к��Ե俿�� ͧ�ҡ��ԧ�� ʶ��Ҿ� ��èѴ��ԧ ��Ҥ��ԧ �ռš�з� ��͵鹷ع��ü�Ե��硹��

��

��Թŧ�ع��٧
��繵�ͧ��ç��ҧ��鹰ҹ ��С�þѲ�Һؤ�ҡ� ��ô��Թ�ҹ ��ҧ�ջ��Է��Ҿ
��繵�ͧ�Ѳ�� ǡѺ��èѴ�ҡ��ѹ��ѧ�� ô��Թ�ҹ ��ҹἹ�ء�Թ�ҧ�ѧ�� ҵá�äǺ�� ʹ�� ͻ�ͧ�ѹ�غѵ��˵�
��Ѻ�ͧ��ЪҪ�

�ç��ç俿�ҹ��

㹻� �.�. 2519 �Ѱ��͹��ѵ� ��俿�ҽ��¼�Ե��觻�� (��.) ��ҧ�ç俿�ҹ�� Ҵ 600 ��ѵ�� Ҫ� �ѧ��Ѵ�ź�� ա�äѴ��ҹ �ҡ��ЪҪ� ��Ѱ��ŨѴ�Թ� ��ԡ�ç��㹷��ش �͡�ҡ�� 㹪�ǧ��ҷ��ҹ�Ҷ֧�Ѩ�غѹ ��. ��Ѻ˹��§ҹ�Ѱ�� ͡�� ͧ��õ�ҧ� �ҡ�� ¹͡�� 駼��˹��·��š �Ѵ�Ԩ�� ҧ෤�� ç俿�ҹ�� ¼�ҹ��û�Ъ��Ԫҡ�� Ѵ�Է��ȡ�� ШѴ��͵�ҧ� �� 鹵͹�á ��ҧ��蹵�� Ф��ʹ㨻�ЪҪ� (Public Awareness) �� Թ�� 鹵͹��ҧ�� (Public Understand) ��͹��鹵͹�ش�� Ѻ�ͧ��ЪҪ� (Public Acceptance) ��觨��ա�� Ҵ��Թ�� Դ��Ѻ ��ЪҪ�� Ъ��Ҵ�� 繺��ǳ�� ͧ�ç俿�ҹ��