แนวคิดรัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ดั้งเดิมมองประชาชนเป็นอย่างไร

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��.�� Ũ��ѹ��

��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�ó��(NewPublic Service : NPS) ��ͪش�ͧ�ǤԴ��ǡѺ��ҷ�ͧ��ú��Ѱ�Ԩ��к��ú��û��ͧ��Ӥѭ�Ѻ��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�óС�ú��û��ͧẺ��ЪҸԻ�� С��ҧ��١�ѹ�ͧ��ͧ��觻��ʸ��áз��鹵�Ҵ�ͧ��èѴ��ù��͡��èѴ��Ҥ�Ѱ��(New Public Management : NPM)�繷ҧ��͡��Ҩ��ؤ�Ѩ�غѹ��Ѱ��˹��㹡�û��ͧ��§��ҧ��ѧ��ͧ��˹�ҷ��͹��ʹѺʹع��ͧ��Ӥѭ��繾��ͧ��Ӥѭ��͡��ҡ��Ҥ��繼��Сͺ��ͼż�Ե��

Robert B. Denhardt and Janet VinzantDenhardt (2007) ��պ��ҷ�Ӥѭ㹡�ù��ʹ��ǤԴ��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�ó��ǹ��Ӣͧ˹ѧ��ͧ͢��Ҫ��ͺ��ԡ��١��ͺ��ЪҸԻ��з�͹�� NPS ��ǤԴ�ͧ�ѡ�Ѱ��ʹ��ʵ��Ѱ��ʵ��Ӥѭ�Ѻ��ͧ�س��ش��ó��੾�Фس��Ҥ��繻�ЪҸԻ��ҡ��ͧ��Է��Ҿ��ͼ�Ե�Ҿ ��ǤԴ��鹰ҹ��ҡ�ҹ�ͧ�ǤԴ��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�ó��4 ��С��ѡ ��

(1)��ɮջ�ЪҸԻ�¾��ͧ (Theories of DemocraticCitizenship)

(2)��Ẻ��л�Ъ��ѧ�� (Models of Community and CivilSociety)

(3)��ͧ��Ѱ��ʹ��ʵ�� (OrganizationalHumanism and the New Public Administration)

(4)�Ѱ��ʹ��ʵ��ѧ�� (Postmodern PublicAdministration)

��ͧ�ҡNPS ��ҡ�ҹ�ҡ��ɮ��ǡѺ��ЪҸԻ��Ƿҧ�� 㹡��ǧ�Ҥ�� ֧�ǷҧẺ��Шѡ�� Ƿҧ��õդ�� Ƿҧ�ԧ�Ծҡ��Ԩ�ó� ��ǷҧẺ�ʵ�� ֧�ͧ��Ҫ��繤��˵ؼ��ԧ�ط��ʵ��˵ؼŷ�駷ҧ��ҹ��ͧ ��ɰ�Ԩ ��ͧ��ͧ�Ż��ª��Ҹ�ó��繼Ũҡ��þٴ��Ǥس��ҷ��ѹ�ͧ��ЪҪ��繾��ͧ��շ��Է�� ˹�ҷ�� Ф��Ѻ�Դ�ͺ�ѡ��͢��Ҫ��պ��ҷ�Ѻ��ЪҪ� (Serving) ��л�ЪҪ��Ңͧ��ȵ�Ǩ�ԧ��Ҫ��õ�ͧ�պ��ҷ㹡��è��繵�ǡ�ҧ��з��Դ��ҹ��ѹ��ͧ �� С��ҧ ��䡷��з��ؼŵ��ѵ�ػ��ʧ��ͧ��º�¤�͡��ҧ��ҧ�Ҥ�Ѱ�Ҥ�͡�� Ҥ��ЪҪ� ��ؼŷ�赡ŧ��ѹ�ͧ��ҡ�䡡�õ�Ǩ�ͺ��ҡ�� 駴�ҹ�� ҹ��ͧ��÷Ѵ�ҹ�ҧ��ͧ �ҵðҹ�ҧ��ҹ�ԪҪվ ��мŻ��ª��ͧ��ͧ��Ҫ��ä��մ��¾ԹԨ��ͧ�ա�äǺ��е�Ǩ�ͺ�ç��ҧͧ��ä��Ẻ��͡ѹ��ռ��駨ҡ��¹ͧ͡��ǹ�Ѩ��¨٧㨢��Ҫ��йѡ��ä�͡��Ѻ��ЪҪ��С��ӻ��ª��ѧ�� ǤԴNPS ��ѡ�Ӥѭ 7 ��С��

(1)��ԡ��Ѻ��ͧ ��١�� (Serve Citizens, NotCustomers)

(2)�鹡�ä��ҼŻ��ª��Ҹ�ó� (Seek the Public Interest)

(3)�鹤س��Ҥ��繾��ͧ�ҡ��ҡ��繼��Сͺ�� (ValueCitizenship over Entrepreneurship)

(4)�Դ�ԧ��ط�� Ժѵ�Ẻ��ЪҸԻ�� (Think Strategically,Act Democratically)

(5)��õ��˹ѡ㹤��Ѻ�Դ�ͺ��ͧ�� (Recognize thatAccountability Is Not Simple)

(6)��ԡ��ҡ��ҡ�áӡѺ��ȷҧ (Serve Rather thanSteer)

(7)��س��ҡѺ�� Ե�Ҿ (Value People, Not JustProductivity)

�ҡ��֡��º��º�ǤԴ��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�ó��Ѻ�ǤԴ�Ѱ��ʹ��ʵ��ؤ��ҧ��ҡ�ú�ԡ��Ҹ�ó�� (NPS) �դ��͹�Ѻ�ǤԴ�Ѱ��ʹ��ʵ��(NPA) ��͹��ҧ�ҡ ��з��դ��ᵡ��ҧ�Ѻ�ǤԴ�Ѱ��ʹ��ʵ��(TPA) ��ǤԴ��èѴ��Ҥ�Ѱ�� (NPM) ��ҧ�ҡ

��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�ó��(NPS) ��Ӥѭ�Ѻ��ͧ (Citizen First) �Ż��ª��Ҹ�ó� (Public Interest) ��繻�ЪҸԻ��(Democratic) ��ö㹡��Ѻ�Դ�ͺ��;��ͧ(Accountability) ��èҵ��ͧ��Ң��ػ��оѹ��ѭ�ҵ�;��ͧ��Ъ��(Community) ��͡�Ш�¼Ż��ª��Ҹ�óй��ѧ��ҧ��ԧ��з�� TPA �ѧ�ͧ��ЪҪ��§��Ѻ��ԡ�èҡ�Ѱ(Client) �鹡�ú��ҡ��¹͡ �ѧ�ӹ֧�֧��ͧ��Է��Ҿ��Է�Լ��л��Ѵ�繤�ҹ��ѡ㹷ҧ��ú�� Ѵͧ��Ẻ�ҧ��÷��¡�úѧ�Ѻ�ѭ�ҼŻ��ª��Ҹ�óж١��˹��½��¡��ͧ��Т��Ҫ��û�Ш� ��͡�˹��㹹�º��С��µ�ҧ��Ѻ�Դ�ͺ��ͧ�ͧ��Ǫҭ��йѡ��дѺ�٧ ��кǹ��õѴ�Թ㨵�ҧ�֧�١�١�Ҵ��㹡��ѡ��ͧ��Т��Ҫ�� ͧ��ͻ�ЪҪ��֧��ǹ��дѺ��ҡѴ��û�Ժѵԧҹ��仡�ࡳ�� º ��觼��Դ��÷ҧҹ��Ҵ��Է��Ҿ��Ҫ�Ң��Ҫ��á�Ҵ�ç�٧�㹡�÷ҧҹ��ж١�Դ��㹤��Դ��ҧ��ä�

��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�ó��(NPS) �Ѻ�Ѱ��ʹ��ʵ�� (NPA) ��Ӥѭ��Ф�ҹ��鹰ҹ��¤�֧�ѹ�ҡ��Ҩ��繡��鹡��ǹ��ͧ��ͧ ��繻�ЪҸԻ�� ҷ�ͧ�ѡ��Ѱ�Ԩ㹡��¹�ŧ�ѧ��ҹ��ú��÷��੾��ͧ��Է��Ҿ ��Է�Լ� ��л��Ѵ��ҹ�� ѧ��Ӥѭ�Ѻ��ͧ��Ҥ�繸�� Ѻ�Դ�ͺ�� ¸��㹡�ú�� 觤��¤�֧�ѹ��ͧ��ǤԴ��ͧ�繡��ǤԴ��ǡѹ��ǤԴ�ԧ��ʶҹ��軯��ʸ��԰ҹ��ҧ��á� (anti-logicalpositivism) ��͹�ѹ ��§�� NPS �Ң��´�ͧNPA �� ҹ�� NPS ��дѺ��ͧ��ä��Ҥ��ͧ��ͤ��繢ͧ��ͧ ��ʹ��ͧ��ЪҸԻ�·��дѺ��ҡ��鹡��NPA ��ѧ��ա�� NPA ��˹��ǤԴ��ҡ�ҹ�ͧNPS

��Ѻ��ᵡ��ҧ��ҧ��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�ó��(NPS) �Ѻ��èѴ��Ҥ�Ѱ�� (NPM) ��»��繷��ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ��ҧ��ԧ��Ф��㨢ͧ NPS 㹡��ǤԴ��ҷ��ԧ�Ծҡ��NPM �� NPS ��繴��·��ͧ��ЪҪ��١��͹NPM ��Ѻ��һ�ЪҪ��;��ͧ��ͧ��üŻ��ª��ͧ��ǹ��ͼŻ��ª��ҡ��ҼŻ��ª��ǹ��ͼŻ��ª��㹡�ú�ԡ��Ҹ�óйѡ��Ѱ�Ԩ��§��Ѻ�Դ�ͺ��Сͺ��Ңͧ�Ԩ��Է��Ҿ��м�Ե�Ҿ��ͧ��դ��Ӥѭ�ҡ仡��Ҥ��Ҥ �繸�� Ф��Ѻ�Դ�ͺ��ͧ�Ҥ�Ѱ��Ҥ�ҹ��ͧ��繸�� ¸��Ф��Ѻ�Դ�ͺ��ҧ�ҡ��¢ͧ��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�óС�ú�ԡ�âͧ�Ѱ��繡��ͺ�Թ��ͺ�ԡ��ͧ��ҹ��ѹ��͡��ͺ��繻�ЪҸԻ��ͧ

��ҧ�Ԫҡ�� The Pursuit of Significance�ͧ Denhardt ��ʹ��ԧ��Ǽ��ª��ͧ��ͧ�繻Ѩ��˹�觷��Ҥ�Ѱ��ö�ͺʹͧ��ͧ��ԧ�ͧ��ͧ��ʹ��Ƿҧ NPS �еͺ⨷��ҹ��ѭ�ҡ�ú��èѴ��÷��Ӥѭ��ͧẺ��ЪҸԻ��ѡ

�֧�Ҩ��ػ��ǤԴ��ú�ԡ��Ҹ�ó�� (NPS) ��ǤԴ�ԧ��ʶҹ�鹡��Ծҡ��ѡɳ��ҷ�� (discourse) ��¢ͧ��ù��ʹ��͡��Ծҡ��Ԩ�ó��ǤԴ�Ѱ��ʹ��ʵ��੾�С��Ծҡ��ǤԴ��èѴ��Ҥ�Ѱ��(NPM) ��ǤԴ��ٻẺ��ú��èҡ�Ҥ�͡�� »��繡��Ծҡ��Ӥѭ��͡�èѴ��Ҥ�Ѱ��(NPM) ��Դ��ͧ��ҧ㹡�ú��Ҥ�Ѱ ��੾��ͧ�ͧ��ͺ��ö�Ѻ�Դ�ͺ�� õ�Ǩ�ͺ�� м��Ш��¸��㹷ҧ��ú�� ¡ó��§ູ仨ҡ�Զշҧ�ͧ��ЪҸԻ��੾��ͧ�ͧ��͡�˹�͢ͺࢵ�ͧ��ѡ��Ҫ� ��÷ب�Ե�ԧ��º��Ф��Ѵ��駵��ѡ�Ż��ª��Ҹ�óС�÷��ԭ�ҳ��Сͺ��ҷ�˹�ҷ��Ҥ�Ѱ��鹷��Դ��ͧ��ЪҤ��§�١��Ӥѭ੾�С��ҧ��֧��ͼŻ��ª��੾��˹�� ҹ��